House Insurance Buy To Let

After a series of five interest rate rises in eleven months buy to let lenders are still insisting that buy to let even today is still a sound bet. Should consumers be viewing this as merely feelgood propaganda in a time of uncertainty and should the realisation of the bandwagon having passed by that it may well be too late, or does the great British love affair with property underpin the whole ideal.
The buy to let positives can be typically drawn from lenders commentaries and confirm that the average total return for a buy to let investor was 13.0 per cent over the past year to June 2007, exclusive of fees and mortgage interest costs. The price of the typical buy to let property in the UK increased by 7.3 per cent over the year to June 2007 and house price growth rose slightly over the past year from 6.0 per cent in June 2006.
UK Buy To Let rental yields have fallen marginally over the past year to 5.5 per cent in June 2007 from 5.7 per cent in June 2006. Nationally, the average rent increased to £651 per month in June 2007, compared with £623 per month in June 2006.
By region, total returns for buy to let investors were highest in Northern Ireland over the year to June 2007, followed by Scotland and the South East. The lowest returns seen in the East Midlands. rental voids (the time a property is empty) have fallen for the last nine months and is at 2.8% confirming strong tenant demand. Voids have remained somewhat stable between 2.6 and 3.0 weeks for the majority of the last four years but have declined over the first half of 2006.
Most Investors though simply want to cover costs as their property investments are seen as long-term. Intimating that an investment into bricks and mortar is the preferred route than into a pension. Accepting that there will always be peaks and troughs and to weather the storm. Landlords who bought ten years ago will no doubt be more comfortable with this scenario than novice landlords. Landlords entering the market today will also be greeted with lender arrangement fees of up to 2.5% of the advance compared with a standard arrangement fee over a year ago of between £300 to £500.
More lenders have also entered the market with relaxed criteria increasing loans to 90% of the property value and reducing rental income cover in some cases to between 100% and 115%. One lender no longer looks at rental income at all and/or earned income, justifying the decision by saying rental income was not a robust test, as many lenders accepted the word of a letting agent on rental achieved.
Tenant deposit protection schemes were launched on Friday 6 April. Under new regulations, all landlords will be required to protect their tenants' deposit using one of three government-authorised schemes alongside two insurance-based schemes which allow landlords to retain the full deposit amount themselves. These schemes require a fee to join, and a premium is payable for each protected deposit. Only any disputed amount is passed to the scheme at the end of the tenancy period. Landlords of properties that house five or more tenants and are at least three storeys high (House of multiple occupancy) from April 6 2006 have to apply for a mandatory license from their local authority and meet a raft of criteria. Including upgrading fire and safety regulations to installing wash basins in every bedroom, this latter criteria was branded as 'daft' by the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML). The license fee is set by individual councils and will not be uniform. Around 10 per cent of the 2.6m private rented UK households are defined as houses of multiple occupancy.
Reports also suggest that Revenue & Customs are stalking 80,000 landlords over incorrect payment of tax. The buy-to-let market is coming under fire for rendering the housing market even more unattainable for first time buyers. In its annual plan for 2005-06 the OFT identified and prioritised attention to landlords who ignore legislation. The OFT guidance outlines why some standard contract terms used in tenancy agreements are considered to be potentially unfair. While landlords also have a potential green tax to look forward to in 2008.
Many entrepreneurial landlords are now looking further afield to enjoy the previous returns while also securing their own piece of paradise. Current developments in Thailand and The Dominican Republic offer guaranteed rental yields of 8% and ten years of tax incentives and no purchase tax. while the term 'off plan' within the UK property market may well have lost some resonance and compounded by the wettest summer since records began, the incentives along with sharing paradise with 10 people per acre is realising significant demand.
Mortgage-Loan-UK is a premier resource for personal finance information along with an extensive collection of mortgage related calculators. For more information on the Buy to Let mortgage database and Caribbean property visit us now.

Insurance Auto Quote

Finding auto insurance quotes online is easy, but finding the cheapest auto insurance rates can be more of a challenge. To get the lowest quotes, follow these tips to help you find ways to trim possibly hundreds off your auto insurance quotes.
1. Give them details – If you don’t provide information about your zip code, marital status, car’s safety features, and annual commuting miles, by default insurance companies will quote you a higher auto insurance rate. Provide as much detail as possible to make sure you get each discount that you qualify for.
2. Shop around – Auto insurance rates can vary as much as 300% between companies for the same coverage. You can save hundreds of dollars a year by comparing prices between companies. Don’t forget to check out your current insurance company, they may have lower rates for new customers that you may be able to negotiate for yourself.
3. Raise your deductible – Higher deductibles equal lower insurance premiums. For example, increasing your deductible from $250 to $500, can save you a hundred dollars or more on your annual premium. However, plan on having additional financial resources to cover the deductible in case of an accident.
4. Cut the miles you drive – For drivers who travel on average 40 miles or less a day, they qualify for a low mileage discount with most insurance companies. Consider carpooling or taking public transit a couple of days a week to reduce your car’s mileage to qualify for the discount. By flying or taking a train for vacations instead of driving, you can further reduce the miles on your car.
5. Switch drivers – For married couples, compare insurance quotes between the male as the main driver and the female as the main driver. You may get a lower quote if the female is insured on a truck and the male is insured on the minivan. Teens should also be insured on safer cars such as the family sedan, rather than a sports car.
6. Add an anti-theft device – By installing car alarms or a tracking system in your car, you will get a discount from auto insurance companies. Since anti-theft devices reduce the risk of your car being stolen, insurance companies pass on the savings to you. A certified defensive-driving class can also reduce your premium for three years with most insurance companies.

Insurance Australia

1. Structure
a) The Nomination, Remuneration & Sustainability Committee ("the Committee") is established by resolution of the Board of Insurance Australia Group Limited ("IAG"). References to "Board" means the Board of IAG.

b) The Committee shall comprise of up to five members, who shall be non-executive directors of IAG all of whom are independent, where independent has the meaning attributed to it in the ASX Corporate Governance Council’s Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Best Practice Recommendations.

c) The Committee may consider any matter that falls within the roles and responsibilities delegated to it by the Board, notwithstanding that the particular matter(s) may have been previously referred to, and considered by another Board Committee.

d) The Board of IAG shall appoint the Committee and its Chair. If the Chair is not present within 15 minutes after the time appointed for holding a committee meeting, the Committee members may choose one of their members as Chair of the meeting.

e) The Committee shall review this charter from time to time, as it deems appropriate, and refer any proposed amendments to the IAG Board for approval.

f) The Committee will annually review fulfilment of its responsibilities as set out in this Charter.
2. Role
The role of the Committee includes the following:
a) Provide advice and support to the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities to shareholders to ensure that the Board is comprised of persons who have the necessary range of skills, expertise and experience to enable it to discharge its responsibilities effectively;

b) Provide advice and support to the Board in the performance, composition and size of the Board;

c) Oversee corporate governance, board performance and composition of IAG subsidiary and associated companies

d) Provide assurance to the Board relating to the effectiveness, integrity and compliance of IAG’s remuneration policies and practices;

e) Ensure the overall remuneration policy and approach fits the strategic goals of IAG; and

f) Ensure the issues of corporate reputation, social responsibility, and IAG’s commitments around safety, environment, and community, stakeholder views are appropriately considered in the context of IAG’s view of its corporate purpose and strategy and the importance of corporate reputation to the delivery of sustainable value for shareholders.

Online Term Life Insurance Quotes!

There is a list of great term life insurance links above. Online term life insurance quotes have played a dramatic role in driving down the cost of term life insurance rates. Why is this? Term life rates have decreased substantially due to the increased price transparency of the Internet, the highly competitive nature of the insurance industry, and the convenience of the online quoting process. All of these three factors have helped many Americans to find very affordable term life quotes online.Price Transparency of the Internet10-20 years ago shopping for term life insurance could be a gigantic hassle. When you consider that an appointment would need to be scheduled, illustrations would need to be prepared, and a sales presentation endured all simply to see some concrete numbers. (And that is not even taking into consideration the fact that it was next to impossible to compare more than two different companies side by side). Now with the price transparency of the Internet rates have dropped quite a bit as insurance shoppers can now just compare online price quotes in less time that it takes to brush your teeth.Highly Competitive Nature of the Insurance IndustryThe insurance industry is extremely competitive, especially in the area of term life insurance. With the exception of Return of Premium (ROP) term and a few other term insurance variations there is not really a whole lot of difference in one term life insurance policy versus another. Yes, you want to choose an insurance company that is rated an “A” or higher by AM Best for their financial strength and yes, you want a big company that you can trust but once those criteria are satisfied then term life insurance is a very commoditized product. This ability to compare “like to like” and “apples to apples” puts tremendous downward pressure on insurance companies to maintain competitive term life insurance rates.Convenience of the Online Quoting ProcessNo appointment is necessary. No traveling is necessary. No sales presentation is necessary. No requirement to request information during standard 9-5 business hours is necessary. All of these positives are reasons why the online life insurance quoting process is fast becoming a preferred avenue for many Americans. You can now request life insurance quotes from multiple insurance companies and view some solid numbers from the comfort of your own home or office.Make sure you check out the list of great term life insurance resources above

what is insurance

Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium. Insurer, in economics, is the company that sells the insurance. Insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount, called the premium, to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.

Principles of insurance

1. A large number of homogeneous exposure units. The vast majority of insurance policies are provided for individual members of very large classes. Automobile insurance, for example, covered about 175 million automobiles in the United States in 2004.^[2] The existence of a large number of homogeneous exposure units allows insurers to benefit from the so-called “law of large numbers,” which in effect states that as the number of exposure units increases, the actual results are increasingly likely to become close to expected results. There are exceptions to this criterion. Lloyd's of London is famous for insuring the life or health of actors, actresses and sports figures. Satellite Launch insurance covers events that are infrequent. Large commercial property policies may insure exceptional properties for which there are no ‘homogeneous’ exposure units. Despite failing on this criterion, many exposures like these are generally considered to be insurable.
2. Definite Loss. The event that gives rise to the loss that is subject to insurance should, at least in principle, take place at a known time, in a known place, and from a known cause. The classic example is death of an insured on a life insurance policy. Fire, automobile accidents, and worker injuries may all easily meet this criterion. Other types of losses may only be definite in theory. Occupational disease, for instance, may involve prolonged exposure to injurious conditions where no specific time, place or cause is identifiable. Ideally, the time, place and cause of a loss should be clear enough that a reasonable person, with sufficient information, could objectively verify all three elements.
3. Accidental Loss. The event that constitutes the trigger of a claim should be fortuitous, or at least outside the control of the beneficiary of the insurance. The loss should be ‘pure,’ in the sense that it results from an event for which there is only the opportunity for cost. Events that contain speculative elements, such as ordinary business risks, are generally not considered insurable.
4. Large Loss. The size of the loss must be meaningful from the perspective of the insured. Insurance premiums need to cover both the expected cost of losses, plus the cost of issuing and administering the policy, adjusting losses, and supplying the capital needed to reasonably assure that the insurer will be able to pay claims. For small losses these latter costs may be several times the size of the expected cost of losses. There is little point in paying such costs unless the protection offered has real value to a buyer.
5. Affordable Premium. If the likelihood of an insured event is so high, or the cost of the event so large, that the resulting premium is large relative to the amount of protection offered, it is not likely that anyone will buy insurance, even if on offer. Further, as the accounting profession formally recognizes in financial accounting standards (See FAS 113 for example), the premium cannot be so large that there is not a reasonable chance of a significant loss to the insurer. If there is no such chance of loss, the transaction may have the form of insurance, but not the substance.
6. Calculable Loss. There are two elements that must be at least estimatable, if not formally calculable: the probability of loss, and the attendant cost. Probability of loss is generally an empirical exercise, while cost has more to do with the ability of a reasonable person in possession of a copy of the insurance policy and a proof of loss associated with a claim presented under that policy to make a reasonably definite and objective evaluation of the amount of the loss recoverable as a result of the claim.
7. Limited risk of catastrophically large losses. The essential risk is often aggregation. If the same event can cause losses to numerous policyholders of the same insurer, the ability of that insurer to issue policies becomes constrained, not by factors surrounding the individual characteristics of a given policyholder, but by the factors surrounding the sum of all policyholders so exposed. Typically, insurers prefer to limit their exposure to a loss from a single event to some small portion of their capital base, on the order of 5%. Where the loss can be aggregated, or an individual policy could produce exceptionally large claims, the capital constraint will restrict an insurers appetite for additional policyholders. The classic example is earthquake insurance, where the ability of an underwriter to issue a new policy depends on the number and size of the policies that it has already underwritten. Wind insurance in hurricane zones, particularly along coast lines, is another example of this phenomenon. In extreme cases, the aggregation can affect the entire industry, since the combined capital of insurers and reinsurers can be small compared to the needs of potential policyholders in areas exposed to aggregation risk. In commercial fire insurance it is possible to find single properties whose total exposed value is well in excess of any individual insurer’s capital constraint. Such properties are generally shared among several insurers, or are insured by a single insurer who syndicates the risk into the reinsurance market.

History of insurance

In some sense we can say that insurance appears simultaneously with the appearance of human society. We know of two types of economies in human societies: money economies (with markets, money, financial instruments and so on) and non-money or natural economies (without money, markets, financial instruments and so on). The second type is a more ancient form than the first. In such an economy and community, we can see insurance in the form of people helping each other. For example, if a house burns down, the members of the community help build a new one. Should the same thing happen to one's neighbour, the other neighbours must help. Otherwise, neighbours will not receive help in the future. This type of insurance has survived to the present day in some countries where modern money economy with its financial instruments is not widespread (for example countries in the territory of the former Soviet Union).

Turning to insurance in the modern sense (i.e., insurance in a modern money economy, in which insurance is part of the financial sphere), early methods of transferring or distributing risk were practiced by Chinese and Babylonian traders as long ago as the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC, respectively. Chinese merchants traveling treacherous river rapids would redistribute their wares across many vessels to limit the loss due to any single vessel's capsizing. The Babylonians developed a system which was recorded in the famous Code of Hammurabi, c. 1750 BC, and practiced by early Mediterranean sailing merchants. If a merchant received a loan to fund his shipment, he would pay the lender an additional sum in exchange for the lender's guarantee to cancel the loan should the shipment be stolen.

Achaemenian monarchs were the first to insure their people and made it official by registering the insuring process in governmental notary offices. The insurance tradition was performed each year in Norouz (beginning of the Iranian New Year); the heads of different ethnic groups as well as others willing to take part, presented gifts to the monarch. The most important gift was presented during a special ceremony. When a gift was worth more than 10,000 Derrik (Achaemenian gold coin weighing 8.35-8.42) the issue was registered in a special office. This was advantageous to those who presented such special gifts. For others, the presents were fairly assessed by the confidants of the court. Then the assessment was registered in special offices.

The purpose of registering was that whenever the person who presented the gift registered by the court was in trouble, the monarch and the court would help him. Jahez, a historian and writer, writes in one of his books on ancient Iran: "[W]henever the owner of the present is in trouble or wants to construct a building, set up a feast, have his children married, etc. the one in charge of this in the court would check the registration. If the registered amount exceeded 10,000 Derrik, he or she would receive an amount of twice as much."

A thousand years later, the inhabitants of Rhodes invented the concept of the 'general average'. Merchants whose goods were being shipped together would pay a proportionally divided premium which would be used to reimburse any merchant whose goods were jettisoned during storm or sinkage.

The Greeks and Romans introduced the origins of health and life insurance c. 600 AD when they organized guilds called "benevolent societies" which cared for the families and paid funeral expenses of members upon death. Guilds in the Middle Ages served a similar purpose. The Talmud deals with several aspects of insuring goods. Before insurance was established in the late 17th century, "friendly societies" existed in England, in which people donated amounts of money to a general sum that could be used for emergencies.

Separate insurance contracts (i.e., insurance policies not bundled with loans or other kinds of contracts) were invented in Genoa in the 14th century, as were insurance pools backed by pledges of landed estates. These new insurance contracts allowed insurance to be separated from investment, a separation of roles that first proved useful in marine insurance. Insurance became far more sophisticated in post-Renaissance Europe, and specialized varieties developed.

Toward the end of the seventeenth century, London's growing importance as a center for trade increased demand for marine insurance. In the late 1680s, Mr. Edward Lloyd opened a coffee house that became a popular haunt of ship owners, merchants, and ships’ captains, and thereby a reliable source of the latest shipping news. It became the meeting place for parties wishing to insure cargoes and ships, and those willing to underwrite such ventures. Today, Lloyd's of London remains the leading market (note that it is not an insurance company) for marine and other specialist types of insurance, but it works rather differently than the more familiar kinds of insurance.

Insurance as we know it today can be traced to the Great Fire of London, which in 1666 devoured 13,200 houses. In the aftermath of this disaster, Nicholas Barbon opened an office to insure buildings. In 1680, he established England's first fire insurance company, "The Fire Office," to insure brick and frame homes.

The first insurance company in the United States underwrote fire insurance and was formed in Charles Town (modern-day Charleston), South Carolina, in 1732.

Benjamin Franklin helped to popularize and make standard the practice of insurance, particularly against fire in the form of perpetual insurance. In 1752, he founded the Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire. Franklin's company was the first to make contributions toward fire prevention. Not only did his company warn against certain fire hazards, it refused to insure certain buildings where the risk of fire was too great, such as all wooden houses.

In the United States, regulation of the insurance industry is highly Balkanized, with primary responsibility assumed by individual state insurance departments. Whereas insurance markets have become centralized nationally and internationally, state insurance commissioners operate individually, though at times in concert through a national insurance commissioners' organization. In recent years, some have called for a dual state and federal regulatory system for insurance similar to that which oversees state banks and national banks.

In the state of New York, which has unique laws in keeping with its stature as a global business center, former New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer was in a unique position to grapple with major national insurance brokerages. Spitzer alleged that Marsh & McLennan steered business to insurance carriers based on the amount of contingent commissions that could be extracted from carriers, rather than basing decisions on whether carriers had the best deals for clients. Several of the largest commercial insurance brokerages have since stopped accepting contingent commissions and have adopted new business models.